gl261 murine glioma cell line  (DSMZ)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Plasma-to-tumour tissue integrated proteomics using nano-omics for biomarker discovery in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58252-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Overview of the in vivo study design enabling plasma and brain tissue proteomic profiling in GB tumour-bearing mice. A syngeneic GB murine model was established in C57BL/6 J female mice via intracranial injection of GL261 cells. Control mice underwent sham injection with saline. PEGylated liposome nanoparticles (NPs) were intravenously administered at days 7, 14, and 18 post-intracranial GL261 cell injection to allow protein corona formation. The corona-coated NPs were subsequently recovered from the blood circulation and purified to remove any unbound proteins. Brains were collected from control and tumour-bearing mice at all three-time points of investigation. Created in BioRender. Hadjidemetriou, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/z49a544 . b Histological characterisation of GL261 tumours at day 7 (D7), day 14 (D14), and day 18 (D18) by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. c Quantification of the tumour volume in GB mice at days 7, 14, and 18 ( n = 9 biological replicates for D7 and D14, n = 8 biological replicates for D18; error bars indicate mean ± SEM; * p -value = 0.0409 between D7 and D14, **** p -value < 0.0001 between D7 and D18, **** p -value < 0.0001 between D14 and D18 by One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Source data for Fig. 1c are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The murine GL261 cell line was obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Germany.

Techniques: In Vivo, Clinical Proteomics, Injection, Control, Saline, Purification, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Plasma-to-tumour tissue integrated proteomics using nano-omics for biomarker discovery in glioblastoma

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58252-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic overview of the in vivo plasma proteomics workflow. Following the intracranial injection of GL261 glioma cells (for GB-bearing mice) or saline (for control mice), C57BL/6 J female mice were intravenously administrated liposome NPs at days 7, 14, and 18 post-tumour implantations. Blood-circulating NPs were subsequently recovered, and corona-coated NPs were purified prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Created in BioRender. Hadjidemetriou, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/g08d103 . b The total amount of protein adsorbed onto the surface of liposome NPs was quantified and expressed as protein binding value (μg of protein/μmol lipid). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM of n = 3 biological replicates (plasma pooled from n = 5 mice for each biological replicate; * p -value = 0.0414 between D7 GBM and D14 GBM; ** p -value = 0.009 between D7 GBM and D18 GBM; One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test between three-time points within the GB group; ** p -value = 0.0028 by Sidak’s multiple comparisons between the control and GB groups at D18 time point. c The Venn diagram illustrates the number of common and unique differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified at D7, D14, and D18 time points (proteins with a p -value < 0.05). Statistical comparisons of relative protein expressions between corona proteomes from tumour-bearing mice and control mice were conducted using Progenesis QI for proteomics software (v. 3.0; Nonlinear Dynamics). d Bar graph reports the number and percentage of upregulated and downregulated DAPs identified through the analysis of the protein coronas formed in GB and healthy control mice ( n = 3 biological replicates; pooled plasma from n = 5 mice per biological replicate). e Volcano plots display the relationship between fold change (shown in x -axis) and statistical significance (shown in y -axis) of the DAPs (with one-way ANOVA p -value < 0.05) at D7, D14 and D18 time points. The comprehensive lists of DAPs are provided in Supplementary Data − . Source data for Fig. 2b are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The murine GL261 cell line was obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Germany.

Techniques: In Vivo, Clinical Proteomics, Injection, Saline, Control, Purification, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Protein Binding, Software

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absolute values of ALDH specific activity (mU/mg) in A172 and GL261 cell extracts using hexanal or all- trans -retinaldehyde as a substrate. Specific activity is expressed in mU per mg of total protein present in the cell extract; here, 1 mU is defined as 1 nmol of product generated per min. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicates (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Generated

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: EC 50 values (µM) ± SE of TMZ and ALDH inhibitors in the panel of GB cell lines after 48 h of treatment. The data represent the fitting of results from a single representative experiment with triplicates (n = 3), performed at least twice independently, to a 4-parameter equation using GraFit 5.0 (Erithacus software). The EC 50 value is defined as the drug concentration at which half of the maximal response is achieved.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Software, Concentration Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Remaining ALDH activities in A172 and GL261 cell extracts using hexanal as a substrate, in the presence of a 15 µM inhibitor. Values are the mean ± SD of triplicates (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synergy maps for 48 h treatments using TMZ combined with each ALDH inhibitor in ( A ) A172 and ( B ) GL261, obtained after analysis with SynergyFinder software ( https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi/ ), according to the reference model of Bliss. The concentration of TMZ is represented in the y axis, whereas the concentration of each ALDH inhibitor is represented in the x axis. Synergy scores of the most synergistic areas are indicated in the map. Scores below −10 indicate antagonism (green); scores between −10 and 10 indicate an additive effect (light green to light red); scores above 10 indicate synergism (red). Shown here is the result of a single representative experiment consisting of duplicates (n = 2) for each drug concentration. The experiment was performed at least twice independently.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Software, Concentration Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell death analysis by flow cytometry after 24 h of incubation with TMZ equimolar concentrations of DIMATE, ABD0099 and ABD0171 in ( A ) A172 and ( B ) GL261 cells. Iodide propidium labeling (necrosis) is represented in the y axis, whereas annexin V labeling (apoptosis) is represented in the x axis. Cells in the PI positive region of the cytogram could come from either necrotic or late-apoptotic cells. The result of a single representative experiment is shown here, consisting of duplicates (n = 2) for each drug treatment (to simplify, only one of the duplicates is shown). The experiment was performed at least twice independently.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Labeling

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Targeting Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases to Enhance Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111512

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative intracellular levels of ROS in A172 and GL261 after 6 h of treatment with 500 µM H 2 O 2 (used as a positive control), and TMZ or ALDH inhibitors at the EC 50 concentration. Data are the mean ± SD of six replicates (n = 6) of a single representative experiment. The experiment was performed at least twice independently. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared to the respective control, as analyzed by an unpaired t test with Welch’s correction. ** 0.001 < p < 0.01; *** 0.0001 < p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Murine cell line GL261 CVCL_Y003 was acquired from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibniz, Germany) and cultured in the same conditions as the human GB cell lines.

Techniques: Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Control